Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Is It Easy to Spot A Liar?

According to psychologists, the average human being lies to others once or twice a day. This is because deception - or 'untruthfulness' - is a natural tendency amongst all living things. Many animals deceive others around them in order to get ahead in life. Birds, for example, pretend to be injured in order to distract predators from baby birds in their nest. Chimpanzees, when they are foraging for food and come across something tasty, will occasionally pretend not to have noticed the food so as not to alert the chimps nearby and lose their prize. So it is no surprise that human beings often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can't get by other methods.

Despite how often they engage in it, most people aren't experts at lying. People often make inconsistent facial expressions and body movements in a desperate attempt to seem believable and to suppress what they are really thinking. Because the muscle structure of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, very few people - most notably, actors and politicians - are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Other signs of lying are an increased heartbeat, a faster rate of breathing, and a higher voice pitch.

It would be logical to think that with these sorts of symptoms, we would be able to spot a liar easily. However, just as we are poor liars, it seems that we are equally hopeless at detecting lies. In a survey carried out at the University of Portsmouth in the UK, participants were able to detect a lie 44 percent of the time, and able to detect the truth 67 percent of the time.

So are we better at detecting the truth than detecting lies? High-tech lie detectors or 'polygraphs' are not much more accurate. They cannot detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical effects of emotions. These machines measure breathing, heart rate, and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous, as they usually are when lying. On the other hand, the idea of being hooked up to a machine like this could easily produces symptoms of fear, anxiety and anger which are very similar to those responses used to detect a lie, which is one reason lie detector tests are inadmissible in court.

10.Animals deceive others in order to survive.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

11.Birds protect their young by behaving as if they are injured.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

12.Human beings often tell lies to protect their skin.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

13.The author says that actors are good at recognizing liars.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

14.People are bad at telling and detecting lies.

1) True .2) False 3) Not stated

15.People can always recognize when others tell the truth.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

16.Lie detectors are able to recognize when a person is nervous.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

17.Lie detectors cannot be used in court because they can be bad for the health.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.