Вопрос №11-17

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Chemical Alert

In November 2005, an 11-year-old schoolgirl called Mollie Clements was invited to speak at the European Parliament in Strasbourg. She had just taken part in a research programme that revealed she had 75 man-made chemicals in her blood and she asked the politicians to do something to make the environment cleaner and healthier.

She has quite a typical family: mum, dad, granny and two sisters. Each member of the family has been contaminated with more than 25 hazardous, man-made chemicals which could be slowly destroying their health. This family took part in a WWF study of seven families to find out how polluted our bodies are. It is the first time that three generations of the same family have been subjected to such a rigorous battery of tests for a total of 104 man-made chemicals.

It was thought that grandparents -having been exposed to chemicals that are now banned and with many more years of exposure behind them-might have been more contaminated than the younger generations. But the children were actually found to have 75 different chemicals in their blood compared to the 56 in their grandparents’ blood.

Many of the chemicals are used in the manufacture of furniture, TVs, non-stick pans, carpets and clothing. Experts believe the children may have inherited older toxins from their mother’s blood in pregnancy or through breast milk, as well as being bombarded by scores of newer chemicals in the course of their daily life. Many are so new that scientists have no idea how they will react with older chemicals already in the body.

Justin Woolford, WWF Chemicals and Health campaign director, says, ‘This is a wake-up call to the UK government and the European Union to stop repeating the mistakes of the past and ensure these chemicals are banned and replaced with safer alternatives.’

10. Molly asked the European Parliament to compensate the harm done to her health.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

11. The survey showed that all the Clements family have at least 25 chemicals in their blood.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

12. 25 UK families have been studied in a research programme.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

13. The WWF have tested 104 man-made chemicals.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

14. Scientists expected children to have fewer chemicals than their grandparents.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

15. Babies may take some of older chemicals from their mothers.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

16. People are influenced by chemicals from the air.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

17. The UK government and the European Union have agreed to ban the most hazardous chemicals.
1) True      2) False       3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.

Вопрос №10-17

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Boomerang Kids

Leaving school or college used to mean leaving home for good - but no longer. High property prices, student debt, and broken relationships mean that your child is highly likely to return home several times before finally making a go of it on their own.

A survey last year for the Social Market Foundation revealed that one in four people aged between 20 and 30 said they had gone back twice or more since leaving home. One in eight had returned home more than three times! Perhaps unsurprisingly, the survey of 1,044 people showed that men were more likely to do this than women - 28 per cent of men, as opposed to 18 per cent of women.

Suzie Hayman, counsellor, broadcaster, and author says that, while high property prices and student debt are both compelling factors pushing twenty-somethings back into the arms of their parents, it's not the whole story. She believes that many parents have brought this situation on themselves by not bringing their children up to be independent. She feels that mothers are often guilty of this with sons, doing all their washing, cooking, and clearing up into adulthood, leaving them ill-equipped for a life on their own. Today's children are driven everywhere and generally expect everything to come easily. Little wonder, then, that they race back to the security of home when things don't go well in the outside world.

Despite this, most parents don't dread having their children return home - far from it. Many may secretly be delighted, because the child's departure may have revealed glaring holes in their relationship with each other. Other parents are keen for children to return because it makes them feel more valued. Often parents find it quite tough to go from being the whole wqrld to their child to suddenly becoming unnecessary when they leave home. On the other hand, it can be enormously frustrating for parents, who may have only just adjusted to having an adult relationship again, to find themselves sharing their home with another adult -who insists on behaving as if they were still a child.

10.Children often return to live with their parents because they can't afford to rent or buy a place to live.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

11.Young people tend to return home more than twice.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

12.The majority of people who come back home to live with their parents are female.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

13.According to research, the majority of men in their twenties return home to live with their parents.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

14.Suzie Hayman believes that for many parents it is their own fault that their children return home to live.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

15.Mothers are the ones who are to blame that their sons are not ready for adult life.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

16.Many parents are very happy when their children return home to live.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

17.Parents always treat their children as they are young.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.

Вопрос №10-17

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

The Female Gondolier

А 35-year-old German woman has given up her eight-year battle to enter one of the most exclusive all-male cliques in the world and become Venice’s first female gondolier.

Alexandra Hai, from Hamburg, did not pass the basic gondoliering exam for the third time at the weekend, failing to impress a six-person panel. “I gave it my best shot but it’s no good. Venice’s first female gondolier isn’t going to be me,” she said, abandoning a dream that she had nurtured since moving to the city a decade ago.

Frau Hai works on Venice’s water buses and has spent years practising gondoliering. Gondoliers must steer and row with a single oar from the stem. This requires strength and years of training. For her exam Frau Hai was asked to steer a gondola about 800 metres up and down the narrow Rio del Vin. She bumped into another gondola during a previous attempt to pass the 20- minute test and admitted her performance this time was not faultless. “There was a bit, under the Ponte dei Greci bridge, when we met a police launch coming the other way and there I didn’t manage to hold the boat quite right”, she said. Nevertheless, she believed that she had performed well enough to pass and suggested that she may have been the victim of a desire to keep a foreign woman out of a close-knit masculine world. She noted that she had to take the test in the area that she did not know well. “It was always clear that to pass the test I was going to need an absolutely perfect performance, but they always manage to make things difficult for me,” she said. In 1996, after her first attempt, Frau Hai won an appeal on the grounds that there were no women in the examining commission.

Franco Vianello Moro, head of Venice’s gondola authority said,” Sexism had nothing to do with it. The two women on the commission, both rowing experts, agreed with the judgement that the candidate lacked the necessary ability in a gondola. He said that the strict tests and the limit of 425 on the number of gondoliers were needed to safeguard a unique tradition.

10.There are now several female gondoliers in Venice.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

11.Alexandra will keep on taking the test until she passes it.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

12.Alexandra has lived in Venice for the past ten years.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

13.In one of her tests Alexandra fell down.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

14.The driving test lasts about an hour.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

15.The gondola authority admits they are very strict.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

16.The gondola authority consists of men only.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

17.It is not easy for anybody to be a gondolier.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.

Вопрос №10-17

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Machu Picchu

Every day Peru’s Machu Picchu, the Lost City of the Incas, is rediscovered by at least 1,000 tourists who are slowly destroying one of the wonders of the world. More people now come to this sacred citadel in a week than ever lived there in its 15th-century prime. The attempt to improve facilities for international visitors - better hotels, a helicopter service, and a planned cable car to replace the bus trip up the mountain - has only made the wear and tear worse.

For nearly 500 years Machu Picchu was covered by impenetrable rainforests until in 1911, an American scholar-explorer, Hiram Bingham, stumbled upon it whilst he was looking for Vilacamba, the last refuge of the Incas from the Spanish conquerors.

It’s easy to see why so many want to flock here. The sight of the emerald green grass slopes and stone-coloured remains of Machu Picchu, flanked by its awesome, snow-capped peaks, is utterly breathtaking.

It seems now, however, that Machu Picchu is falling victim to its own success. The primary concern is that the high volume of visitors is harming the site's infrastructure. A survey by Japanese geologists at Kyoto University has suggested the earth beneath the city is moving at a rate of up to one centimetre per month. There are also fears for the welfare of the porters who carry travelers’ backpacks in all weathers along the high altitude Inca Trail.

As a result, the United Nations cultural agency wants visitor numbers more than halved, which means that visitors must now wait four to five days before getting a place on a trek. Despite this, Machu Picchu remains the number one must-see in South America. And, as such, the hunt is now on for new Inca ruins as a viable, ecologically sound alternative.

10.Machu Picchu used to have a population of over 7,000.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

11.The improvement of facilities for tourists is causing environmental damage.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

12.Hiram Bingham set out to discover Machu Picchu in 1911.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

13.Machu Picchu is surrounded by mountains.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

14.Machu Picchu has been too successful as a tourist destination.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

15.Tourists must carry their own bags while they are walking along the Inca Trail.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

16.The United Nations cultural agency would like to reduce the number of tourists who visit Machu Picchu.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

17.Machu Picchu is no longer the most popular tourist attraction in South America because many tourists have now found some more ecological ruins to visit.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.

Вопрос №10-17

Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений 10-17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Is It Easy to Spot A Liar?

According to psychologists, the average human being lies to others once or twice a day. This is because deception - or 'untruthfulness' - is a natural tendency amongst all living things. Many animals deceive others around them in order to get ahead in life. Birds, for example, pretend to be injured in order to distract predators from baby birds in their nest. Chimpanzees, when they are foraging for food and come across something tasty, will occasionally pretend not to have noticed the food so as not to alert the chimps nearby and lose their prize. So it is no surprise that human beings often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can't get by other methods.

Despite how often they engage in it, most people aren't experts at lying. People often make inconsistent facial expressions and body movements in a desperate attempt to seem believable and to suppress what they are really thinking. Because the muscle structure of the face is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, very few people - most notably, actors and politicians - are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions. Other signs of lying are an increased heartbeat, a faster rate of breathing, and a higher voice pitch.

It would be logical to think that with these sorts of symptoms, we would be able to spot a liar easily. However, just as we are poor liars, it seems that we are equally hopeless at detecting lies. In a survey carried out at the University of Portsmouth in the UK, participants were able to detect a lie 44 percent of the time, and able to detect the truth 67 percent of the time.

So are we better at detecting the truth than detecting lies? High-tech lie detectors or 'polygraphs' are not much more accurate. They cannot detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical effects of emotions. These machines measure breathing, heart rate, and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous, as they usually are when lying. On the other hand, the idea of being hooked up to a machine like this could easily produces symptoms of fear, anxiety and anger which are very similar to those responses used to detect a lie, which is one reason lie detector tests are inadmissible in court.

10.Animals deceive others in order to survive.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

11.Birds protect their young by behaving as if they are injured.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

12.Human beings often tell lies to protect their skin.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

13.The author says that actors are good at recognizing liars.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

14.People are bad at telling and detecting lies.

1) True .2) False 3) Not stated

15.People can always recognize when others tell the truth.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

16.Lie detectors are able to recognize when a person is nervous.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

17.Lie detectors cannot be used in court because they can be bad for the health.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.

Вопрос 17