Раздел 2. (задания по чтению)

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А-G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1-8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок. 

1. First stage of writing

2. Personal letter

3. How to write formal letters

4. A joke

5. Written assignment

6. Opinion essay

7. Importance of letter-writing

8. Applying for a job

A. Letter writing is an important part of world business. Studies show that people who write well are more likely to have successful careers. Skill in writing business and personal letters can make a difference in life. For example, a well-written letter applying for a job may lead to a fine position. A good personal letter can build or keep a valuable friendship.

B. For many courses in the University, the majority of your marks will be based on your written work. It is essential that you develop your skills as a writer for the different disciplines in which you study. Most departments offer advice and guidelines on how to present your written assignments. But you should be aware that the requirements may vary from one department to another.

C. The earliest stage of writing is called pre-writing and depends on direct representation of objects, rather than representing them with letters or other symbols. Evidence for this stage, in the form of rock and cave paintings, dates back to about 15,000 years ago, although the exact dates are debatable. This kind of proto-literate cave painting has been found in Europe, with the best known examples in South-Western France, but also in Africa and on parts of the American continent.

D. During his holidays a schoolboy decided to write a letter to his friend. He sat down at his writing table and wrote: “Dear Dick!” He thought a little and wrote: “I am writing to you because I have nothing to do.” After that he thought for a long time and at last wrote: “I’m afraid I must stop writing because I have nothing to say. Yours, Tom Brown.”

E. It is important to have a good strong opening if your writing is aimed at persuading people to change their views. You can start by presenting the opposite point of view to your own, using expressions like “Some people argue ...” etc. This is usually followed by linking words which serve to introduce the other side of the argument. You can personalise the argument by using real examples. Group what you want to say into main topic areas.

F. Use the first paragraph to state your reason for writing. If you are replying to an advertisement you should mention where you saw it. In the second paragraph draw attention to what makes you a particularly suitable person for the post. Use present tenses to highlight your present situation and skills. Use the present perfect to describe relevant recent experience. Use the past tense to describe relevant achievements in the past. Don’t use informal expressions.

G. It is important to remember that a letter is a form of communication. Formal letters are always written with a particular purpose in mind. The purpose sometimes stressed at the beginning of the letter. However, you do need to open your letter with something that will be appropriate for the reader and will capture the reader’s attention. Once you have your purpose in mind, you have to give the reader some background information and then you should continue with your message. The tone and level of formality that you use will affect how successful you are at communicating your message.

Запишите выбранные цифры в соответствующем порядке.